University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 Biophysical Effect of Anionic Surface-Active Substance on the Growth Dynamic and Computational Predict in Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERKs) of Dunaliella viridis Microalgae Biophysical Effect of Anionic Surface-Active Substance on the Growth Dynamic and Computational Predict in Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases (ERKs) of Dunaliella viridis Microalgae 1 20 23202 10.22108/ijpb.2018.105517.1039 FA Ali Asghar Rastegari Assistant Professor of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Department of Molecular and Cell Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch , Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Behrooz Zarei Darki Assistant Professor of Biology, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science, Department of Marine Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran Journal Article 2017 09 02 The present study was conducted to evaluate the anionic SDS surfactant in various environmental conditions on Dunaliella viridis alga growth dynamics. The effect of different concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg. L-1 of SDS and pH of 7, 8, 9 and 10 on the Dunaliella were investigated. The 20% reduction in growth rate of algae in all concentrations in comparison with the control was observed in the sixth and seventh day of experiments. The growth rate was close to 92% in the culture medium at a concentration of 1 mg. L-1 SDS at pH 8 on day 7. In addition, the biodegradation process of surfactant will depend on the length of the alkylated chain as well as to cell metabolism. The short-lived alkyl chain SDS showed the highest percentage of degradation in the cell population. Therefore, the loss of cell density caused by surfactant in the culture medium results in an effect on the Dunaliella cell cycle, which is strongly dependent on ERK phosphorylation of MAPKs. In this research, to predict the structure and function of protein, the models have used the multiple sequencing alignment algorithms more. ERK sequences showed that their residues are strongly conserved in unicellular microalgae in higher plants and mammals. The degree of identity between the model sequences (Target) and ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases (Template) has been calculated in RMSD 2.30 and 2.9 Å with highest sequence coverage. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anionic SDS surfactant in various environmental conditions on Dunaliella viridis alga growth dynamics. The effect of different concentrations of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg. L-1 of SDS and pH of 7, 8, 9 and 10 on the Dunaliella were investigated. The 20% reduction in growth rate of algae in all concentrations in comparison with the control was observed in the sixth and seventh day of experiments. The growth rate was close to 92% in the culture medium at a concentration of 1 mg. L-1 SDS at pH 8 on day 7. In addition, the biodegradation process of surfactant will depend on the length of the alkylated chain as well as to cell metabolism. The short-lived alkyl chain SDS showed the highest percentage of degradation in the cell population. Therefore, the loss of cell density caused by surfactant in the culture medium results in an effect on the Dunaliella cell cycle, which is strongly dependent on ERK phosphorylation of MAPKs. In this research, to predict the structure and function of protein, the models have used the multiple sequencing alignment algorithms more. ERK sequences showed that their residues are strongly conserved in unicellular microalgae in higher plants and mammals. The degree of identity between the model sequences (Target) and ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases (Template) has been calculated in RMSD 2.30 and 2.9 Å with highest sequence coverage.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23202_15749fc5f5fa1ee0b3e35f9856378848.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 The effect of Marjrom medicinal herb extract on the expression of some genes involve in resistance to Septoria tritici leaf blotch in two wheat Chamran and Yavarous cultivars The effect of Marjrom medicinal herb extract on the expression of some genes involve in resistance to Septoria tritici leaf blotch in two wheat Chamran and Yavarous cultivars 21 34 23238 10.22108/ijpb.2018.111398.1102 FA AKram Abasi Manesh 1- Master of science, agronomy and plant breeding department, faculty of agriculture, Ilam Arash Fazeli Assistants professor of agronomy and plant breeding department, faculty of agriculture, ilam university, Ilam, Iran. postal code: 69391177111 Siamak Beigi Agricultural Jahad organization of Ilam Province, Ilam, Iran Journal Article 2018 06 24 Leaf Septoria tritici anamorph Mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the main destructive foliar disease of wheat. Resistance cultivars and chemical pesticide are commonly methods that used to control of disease. In this research, the effect of Marjoram extract was investigated in order to induction of resistance in two resistance and sensitive cultivars of wheat. Experiment was conducted in control (without extract) and treatment (extract) conditions on resistance (Chamran) and sensitive (Yavarous) cultivar at greenhouse condition. Two days after treatment of seedling with extract, inoculation of plants had been done with Dehloran isolate of septoria tritici with 7×105spore/ml. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from leaf samples were prepared at 6, 12 and 24 hours after contamination for further analysis. The results showed that the expression of PR1 gene at investigated times between two cultivars at two conditions was different so that the PR1 gene expression was peaked at 6 h 2.5 fold change rather than sensitive cultivar, while the expression of Ppi gene 6h after inoculation was calculated in Yavarous show 2.5fold change rather than Chamran cultivar. Application of Marjrom extract increased the expression of PR1 gene in resistance cultivar, while Ppi gene expression increased in sensitive cultivar three fold changes. It is suggested that the use of methanolic extracts of Marjoram medicinal plant can induce resistance and activation of the plant defense system against M. graminicola fungal pathogen. Leaf Septoria tritici anamorph Mycosphaerella graminicola is one of the main destructive foliar disease of wheat. Resistance cultivars and chemical pesticide are commonly methods that used to control of disease. In this research, the effect of Marjoram extract was investigated in order to induction of resistance in two resistance and sensitive cultivars of wheat. Experiment was conducted in control (without extract) and treatment (extract) conditions on resistance (Chamran) and sensitive (Yavarous) cultivar at greenhouse condition. Two days after treatment of seedling with extract, inoculation of plants had been done with Dehloran isolate of septoria tritici with 7×105spore/ml. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from leaf samples were prepared at 6, 12 and 24 hours after contamination for further analysis. The results showed that the expression of PR1 gene at investigated times between two cultivars at two conditions was different so that the PR1 gene expression was peaked at 6 h 2.5 fold change rather than sensitive cultivar, while the expression of Ppi gene 6h after inoculation was calculated in Yavarous show 2.5fold change rather than Chamran cultivar. Application of Marjrom extract increased the expression of PR1 gene in resistance cultivar, while Ppi gene expression increased in sensitive cultivar three fold changes. It is suggested that the use of methanolic extracts of Marjoram medicinal plant can induce resistance and activation of the plant defense system against M. graminicola fungal pathogen.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23238_39886fd69c8281c4c491bde627a639fd.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 Effect of growth degree days and soil properties on phenology and morphological characters of Allium jesdianum Boiss & Buhse. in Lorestan province Effect of growth degree days and soil properties on phenology and morphological characters of Allium jesdianum Boiss & Buhse. in Lorestan province 35 52 23307 10.22108/ijpb.2018.110629.1093 FA Parvin Ramak Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Younes Asri 2Research institute of Forests and Rangelands 0000-0002-4566-1756 Journal Article 2018 04 25 Allium jesdianum is an endemic species of Iran that unfortunately, in recent years due to uncontrolled harvesting, had put it on to the endangered list. This research was carried out based on nested design with three replications from eight habitats including; Gamasiab, Kakareza, Peresk, Zalaghi, Venaei, Meleh, Serenge and Kamandan in the Lorestan province for two years. The results showed that Venaei habitat had the highest fresh (10.65 g) and dry weight (4.1 g). Soil texture of this habitat was Sandy clay loam and higher organic matter and potassium content than other habitats. The highest plant height (41.16 cm) was recorded in kakareza in the first year. The Soil of this habitat rich in phosphorus. Phenological growth stages (vegetative growth, flowering and seedling) of Allium jesdianum in Mela habitat, located in south of the Lorestan province was earlier than other habitats. The results showed that the time calendar and the time duration of the phenological stages were different in habitats. The growth degree days (GDD) was for the seeding stage was more than the other phonological stages and the highest GDD for this stage recorded in Kamandan, Azna (129.2 ºC) in the second year. The results of this research can be useful in proper management, breeding and domestication of this rare and endangered species. Allium jesdianum is an endemic species of Iran that unfortunately, in recent years due to uncontrolled harvesting, had put it on to the endangered list. This research was carried out based on nested design with three replications from eight habitats including; Gamasiab, Kakareza, Peresk, Zalaghi, Venaei, Meleh, Serenge and Kamandan in the Lorestan province for two years. The results showed that Venaei habitat had the highest fresh (10.65 g) and dry weight (4.1 g). Soil texture of this habitat was Sandy clay loam and higher organic matter and potassium content than other habitats. The highest plant height (41.16 cm) was recorded in kakareza in the first year. The Soil of this habitat rich in phosphorus. Phenological growth stages (vegetative growth, flowering and seedling) of Allium jesdianum in Mela habitat, located in south of the Lorestan province was earlier than other habitats. The results showed that the time calendar and the time duration of the phenological stages were different in habitats. The growth degree days (GDD) was for the seeding stage was more than the other phonological stages and the highest GDD for this stage recorded in Kamandan, Azna (129.2 ºC) in the second year. The results of this research can be useful in proper management, breeding and domestication of this rare and endangered species.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23307_19bb4b07a9942982072af73f1be36534.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 Flower and Fruit Micro- Macro Morphological Characters of the Genus Sanguisorba L. (Rosaceae) from Iran Flower and Fruit Micro- Macro Morphological Characters of the Genus Sanguisorba L. (Rosaceae) from Iran 53 68 23539 10.22108/ijpb.2018.109172.1073 FA Adeleh Dylami Moezi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Marzieh Beygom Faghir Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Robabeh Shahi Shavan Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2018 01 18 In this survey, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) including two species (Sanguisorba officinalis and S. minor) and three subspecies (Sanguisorba. minor subsp. muricata, S. minor. subsp. lasiocarpa and S. minor subsp. minor) from Iran were studied. At First, plant materials were collected and identified. Then, the detailed flower and achene morphological characters examined using digital and scanning electron microscopies. To determine inter and intra specifics relationships, the examined data (44 quantitative and qualitative characters) inserted in the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on our findings, inflorescence shape and dimensions shape of external bracts and calyx, number of carpels, stigma, style, and number of stamen, filament length, folding patterns, number of wings, hair density and length, distance between hairs, length, width and depth of lumen, wax-sculpturing types are the most important micro-macro morphological evidences in this genus. The PCA analysis resulted in formation of two groups, complete separation of species and subspecies. Based on the current result, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological data of the genus Sanguisorba are taxonomically informative and can be used for infrageneric and species classification. An identification key based on the important diagnostic characters is presented. In this survey, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological characters of the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae) including two species (Sanguisorba officinalis and S. minor) and three subspecies (Sanguisorba. minor subsp. muricata, S. minor. subsp. lasiocarpa and S. minor subsp. minor) from Iran were studied. At First, plant materials were collected and identified. Then, the detailed flower and achene morphological characters examined using digital and scanning electron microscopies. To determine inter and intra specifics relationships, the examined data (44 quantitative and qualitative characters) inserted in the principal component analysis (PCA). Based on our findings, inflorescence shape and dimensions shape of external bracts and calyx, number of carpels, stigma, style, and number of stamen, filament length, folding patterns, number of wings, hair density and length, distance between hairs, length, width and depth of lumen, wax-sculpturing types are the most important micro-macro morphological evidences in this genus. The PCA analysis resulted in formation of two groups, complete separation of species and subspecies. Based on the current result, flower and fruit micro-macro morphological data of the genus Sanguisorba are taxonomically informative and can be used for infrageneric and species classification. An identification key based on the important diagnostic characters is presented.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23539_ad1a1749911f9ddd8c8a5c2c9052b429.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 Effects of growth regulators on callus induction, plant regeneration and bulb formation of Allium akaka subsp. akaka Effects of growth regulators on callus induction, plant regeneration and bulb formation of Allium akaka subsp. akaka 69 80 23609 10.22108/ijpb.2019.111214.1101 FA Arezoo Pazoki M.Sc. Student, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran Maryam Norouzi Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran Shirin Dianati Daylami Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Journal Article 2018 05 26 Allium akaka subsp. akaka is a medicinal plant belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. It is native to Iran and listed as endangered due to over collection. Seeds of Allium akaka subsp. akaka have dormancy and until now, there have been no reports on in vitro propagation of this plant. In this study, effects of growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration of Allium akaka subsp. akaka were investigated. Also, the effect of sucrose percentage and ABA growth regulator on bulb formation in regenerated shoots was studied. The results indicated that the highest callus induction (93.7%) was achieved in the medium with 0.1 mg/l NAA in combination with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Shoot regenerated at the highest frequency (91.6%) in the medium with 1 mg/l NAA or 1 mg/l IBA and 1 mg/l TDZ, while, the highest number of shoots (9.7 shoots) belonged to the 0.5 mg/l NAA with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. The culture medium containing 6% of sucrose supplemented with 1 mg/l ABA indicated the highest rate of bulb formation (100%). The produced plantlets were transferred into pots. Allium akaka subsp. akaka is a medicinal plant belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. It is native to Iran and listed as endangered due to over collection. Seeds of Allium akaka subsp. akaka have dormancy and until now, there have been no reports on in vitro propagation of this plant. In this study, effects of growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration of Allium akaka subsp. akaka were investigated. Also, the effect of sucrose percentage and ABA growth regulator on bulb formation in regenerated shoots was studied. The results indicated that the highest callus induction (93.7%) was achieved in the medium with 0.1 mg/l NAA in combination with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. Shoot regenerated at the highest frequency (91.6%) in the medium with 1 mg/l NAA or 1 mg/l IBA and 1 mg/l TDZ, while, the highest number of shoots (9.7 shoots) belonged to the 0.5 mg/l NAA with 0.5 mg/l TDZ. The culture medium containing 6% of sucrose supplemented with 1 mg/l ABA indicated the highest rate of bulb formation (100%). The produced plantlets were transferred into pots.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23609_db61805eef5690a063bde30ea4dbf1be.pdf

University of Isfahan Journal of Plant Biological Sciences 3041-9603 10 4 2018 12 22 Comparative study of vanillin influence on physiological and biochemical properties of blue-green algae Spiralulina platensis in Zarrouk and Johnson nutritional media Comparative study of vanillin influence on physiological and biochemical properties of blue-green algae Spiralulina platensis in Zarrouk and Johnson nutritional media 81 110 23594 10.22108/ijpb.2019.112063.1107 FA Nahid Pourbozorgi Rudsari Departement of Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 5th K Tehran-Khoramabad road, Iran Maryam Madadkar Haghjou Departement of Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 5th K Tehran-Khoramabad road, Iran Alireza Ghiasvand Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 5th K Tehran-Khoramabad road, Iran Journal Article 2018 07 15 The widespread use of vanillin in food and pharmaceutical industries increases the probability of entering to the waters and its positive or negative effects on growth and life of aquatic algae. Due to the nutritional and medical importance of Spirulina platensis, a blue-green micro-alga, the effect of vanillin on its growth and physiological characteristics was considered in two Zarrouk and Johnson media, on 0, 21, 27 and 33 days of a 42 days period. The highest dry weight was obtained in Zarrouk and then Zarrouk containing vanillin media, whilst the highest growth was observed in Zarrouk and then Johnson media. A positive and strong correlation (R 2 =0.94, p<0.01) was observed between the turbidity of suspension at 560 nm with its dry weight. Vanillin reduced growth and dry biomass in all days of sampling, but in contrast increased the amount of lipid and protein in both media. The amounts of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, astaxanthin, phenol, carbohydrate and lipid peroxidation were often higher in Johnson medium (without vanillin). Although, the recent medium in most cases induced the maximum cell productions, but Zarrouk medium, compared to the Zarrouk containing vanillin medium, showed some inverse results. In general, although vanillin led to a reduction in algal growth and biomass, but in cases where valuable products such as antioxidants, pigments, lipid compounds, protein, carbohydrates and phenols are considered, it can be used as an inducing factor of production. The widespread use of vanillin in food and pharmaceutical industries increases the probability of entering to the waters and its positive or negative effects on growth and life of aquatic algae. Due to the nutritional and medical importance of Spirulina platensis, a blue-green micro-alga, the effect of vanillin on its growth and physiological characteristics was considered in two Zarrouk and Johnson media, on 0, 21, 27 and 33 days of a 42 days period. The highest dry weight was obtained in Zarrouk and then Zarrouk containing vanillin media, whilst the highest growth was observed in Zarrouk and then Johnson media. A positive and strong correlation (R 2 =0.94, p<0.01) was observed between the turbidity of suspension at 560 nm with its dry weight. Vanillin reduced growth and dry biomass in all days of sampling, but in contrast increased the amount of lipid and protein in both media. The amounts of chlorophyll a, carotenoids, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, phycoerythrin, astaxanthin, phenol, carbohydrate and lipid peroxidation were often higher in Johnson medium (without vanillin). Although, the recent medium in most cases induced the maximum cell productions, but Zarrouk medium, compared to the Zarrouk containing vanillin medium, showed some inverse results. In general, although vanillin led to a reduction in algal growth and biomass, but in cases where valuable products such as antioxidants, pigments, lipid compounds, protein, carbohydrates and phenols are considered, it can be used as an inducing factor of production.

https://ijpb.ui.ac.ir/article_23594_687d15410a05268d4925c3fb6fdaedee.pdf